Media Ownership

Public Service Broadcasting

The BBC is a prime example of a PSB as they broadcast as a service rather than an exploitation. PSB Is funded by a license fee to avoid commercial pressures.

Commercial Broadcasting

Commercial Broadcasting is also known as Private Broadcasting. It is the broadcasting of television programs by privately owned corporate media as opposed to state sponsorship.

Corporate and Private Ownership

A Corporate Company is owned by a group of people and a Private Company is owned by an individual.

Global Companies

A Global Company is a multinational company that is registered in more than one country. This type of company can produce and sell goods in various countries.


Concentration of Ownership

This basically means that most of the products we see and use everyday are all owned by a few 'Umbrella' companies or very few hands. Time Warner, Unilever and Pepsico are examples of this type of ownership.

Vertical Integration

Vertical Integration is a term used to describe a company that owns all aspects of an industry, for example; Imagine a newspaper that not only owns the plant where the paper is made, but they also own the paper company, the ink company and the distribution company.

Horizontal Integration

This is a term used to describe a company that controls multiple aspects of the industry. Think of a company that owns Newspapers, TV channels, Radio Stations and magazines, that is a Horizontally Integrated company. Sky is the perfect example for this type of company.






The License Fee

The license fee is commonly found in use by the BBC; They use this fee to avoid commercial pressures, this means that they do not have to pollute their line-up with vulgar, intrusive adverts that we would normally see on other channels such as Sky or ITV. 


Subscription

A fair amount of people say that the BBC should adopt this method of distribution as the License Fee is at a fairly hefty price (£145.40) Sky is a prime example of a company that uses the subscription fee, even though they still have adverts on their channels!


One-off payment to own product

Movies and Newspapers tend to follow this trend. When you buy a DVD or Film, it's yours forever and there will be no other payments to watch or view the product.

Pay Per View

PPV is used mainly on TV channels to allow a viewer to watch a single event such as a wrestling match or a football match. Sky has this feature, as does BT.

Sponsorship

Sponsorship is used everywhere! Most TV programs have a little sequence at the beginning that go something along the lines of "This TV show is sponsored by Cadburys (or DFS)" This allows a company to pay a company to show off their product, we see this all the time in video games.

Advertising

ITV is a channel that allows people to advertise in the middle of programs. The time that the advert is on and what program it's during will all affect the price of the slot for the company.

Advertising is a great way to get a product out, but placing the advert in the right place is the key to success!

Product Placement

Product Placement is "A practice in which manufacturers of goods or providers of a service gain exposure for their products by paying for them to be featured in films and television programmes" The recent James Bond film, Skyfall featured a mass of product placement; all of the electronics in the film were of a specific company and obviously weren't accidental placement.

Private Capital

Private Capital is when a rich person such as (Megan Ellison) will invest their money in films if they think that it will benefit them in the long run.

Crowd Funding

Possibly my favourite way of funding a new idea or project. This is when a company reaches out to their fans or an audience in order to pledge money to them in order to fund the project and get a small something in return. Lazer Team (A recent campaign from RoosterTeeth asking for 'backers' in return for a feature length film and small perks for the people who back the project) has managed to acquire nearly $2 Million USD to create this film when their original goal was only $650,000. Crowd funding is fantastic, and some awesome things have come out of it.

Development Funds

The British Film Institute (BFI) Will give budding filmmakers a cut of money to make a moving image production. This is in the hope that the industry gets new ideas and perhaps some new great people to make films.